TOPIK II · LEVEL 4
-(이)라든지
-(이)라든지 lists examples or alternatives: 'such as A or B / A, B or something'.
조사ParticlesHan: The form is N(이)라든지, attached right after the noun.
Examples
주말에는 영화라든지 전시회라든지 문화생활을 해요.At weekends I enjoy cultural activities, like movies or exhibitions.
질문이라든지 의견이 있으면 말씀해 주세요.If you have any questions or comments, please tell me.
과일이라든지 채소라든지 건강한 음식을 드세요.Eat healthy food, such as fruit or vegetables.
Don’t mix up
-(이)라든지vs-(이)나-(이)나 offers a choice between items; -(이)라든지 gives loose examples of a kind: 커피나 차 vs 커피라든지 차라든지 (drinks like these).How to build it
N(vowel)+라든지
N(consonant)+이라든지
사과 → 사과라든지, 책 → 책이라든지
- Usually two or more items, often followed by 같은 / 등 / 뭐든지.
- The listed things are only examples, not a full list.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 사과든지라 배든지라 좋아요.
Right: 사과라든지 배라든지 다 좋아요.
The form is N(이)라든지, attached right after the noun.
Practise -(이)라든지 on real TOPIK questions
Hannim plans each day up to your exam date: questions on this pattern, reviews, full mock papers and graded writing. 7 days free, no card.
Start 7-day free trialMore level 4 grammar
All TOPIK grammar- -(으)로서-(으)로서 means 'as (in the role or capacity of)'.
- -(이)나마(이)나마 marks something as small or not quite enough, while showing that the speaker still accepts or values it: "even if it's only this, at least…"
- -(으)로부터-(으)로부터 is a formal 'from' for a source or starting point (people, places, time).
- -은/는 물론이고N은/는 물론이고 means 'not to mention N / N, of course, and also …'.
- -마저-마저 means 'even (the last remaining one)': on top of other bad things, even this.
- -조차-조차 means 'even (something so basic)', stressing that not even the minimum happened.
- -치고N치고 means 'for a N / considering it is a N', and the result is different from what you would expect of that kind of thing; with a negative ending it means 'no N at all, without exception'.
- N만 하다N만 하다 compares size or degree: 'as big as N / about the size of N'.
- -(으)나-(으)나 is a formal written 'but / however', linking two contrasting clauses.