TOPIK II · LEVEL 5
-을/를 가지고
N을/를 가지고 means 'with N, using N' (tool, material, means) and 'over N, about N' when N is what people quarrel about, criticise or discuss, often something the speaker finds trivial. Spoken; casually shortened to 갖고.
조사ParticlesHan: 가지다 takes an object, so the noun needs 을/를.
Examples
두 사람은 저녁 메뉴를 가지고 한 시간 넘게 말다툼을 했다.The two of them argued for over an hour about what to have for dinner.
겨우 그런 일을 가지고 그렇게까지 화를 낼 필요는 없잖아.There's no need to get that angry over such a small thing.
냉장고에 남은 채소를 가지고 볶음밥을 만들었어요.I made fried rice with the vegetables left in the fridge.
Don’t mix up
-을/를 가지고vs-(으)로-(으)로 is neutral and fine in writing: 나무로 의자를 만들었다. 나무를 가지고 의자를 만들었다 is colloquial and stresses using that material.-을/를 가지고vs-을/를 두고-을/를 두고 is formal, for debated issues: 이 문제를 두고 의견이 갈렸다. -을/를 가지고 is colloquial and often belittling: 그깟 일을 가지고 싸우니?-을/를 가지고vs-아/어 가지고-아/어 가지고 follows a verb (sequence or cause): 돈을 모아 가지고 차를 샀다. -을/를 가지고 follows a noun.How to build it
N+을/를 가지고 (casual: 을/를 갖고)
칼 → 칼을 가지고; 남은 재료 → 남은 재료를 가지고; 그 일 → 그 일을 가지고; 사소한 문제 → 사소한 문제를 갖고
- Tool or material: 남은 채소를 가지고 볶음밥을 만들었어요 (≈ 남은 채소로).
- Topic of a quarrel or complaint, with 싸우다, 화를 내다, 따지다, 뭐라고 하다, 고민하다; 그런/그깟/겨우 before N make it dismissive: 그런 일을 가지고 왜 화를 내요?
- Mainly spoken. In formal writing use -(으)로 for means and -을/를 두고 or -에 대해 for topics.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 밀가루가 가지고 빵을 만들었어요.
Right: 밀가루를 가지고 빵을 만들었어요.
가지다 takes an object, so the noun needs 을/를.
Practise -을/를 가지고 on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(이)란N(이)란 picks out a concept that you are about to define or explain the essence of: "N is (by its nature)…", "what we call N is…".
- -(으)로써-(으)로써 names the means or method by which a result is achieved: 'by (means of) N' or, as -(으)ㅁ으로써, 'by doing'.
- -(이)야말로N(이)야말로 singles out one thing and stresses that it, more than anything else, truly deserves the description.
- -따라Attached to a time word such as 오늘 or 그날, it means 'on that day of all days, unusually then': something differs from the usual, often inconveniently.
- -(으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다Use -(으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다 when the situation makes it plain to you that something, usually something bad, will happen or has happened.
- -(으)ㄴ 끝에Shows that a result was finally reached after a long or difficult process of doing something.
- -(으)ㄹ 망정-(으)ㄹ망정 means 'even if I have to accept this bad situation, I still won't give up something more important,' or 'although X is true, Y still holds.'
- -(으)ㄹ 즈음-(으)ㄹ 즈음 means "around the time when something happens": it marks an approximate time, not an exact moment.
- -(으)ㄹ 테다Declares the speaker's firm will or determination: 'I will … (no matter what)'. In a question to the listener it asks about their intention, often bluntly. Plain style: -(으)ㄹ 테야 in speech, -(으)ㄹ 테다 in self-talk and narration.
