TOPIK II · LEVEL 5
-지 (대조)
A linking -지 that sets what is true against what is not: 'it is A, not B' / 'it only does A and not B'. Most often met as N(이)지 N이/가 아니다; neutral, used in speech and writing.
대조·양보Contrast & concessionHan: A noun ending in a consonant needs 이지; 이 can drop only after a vowel (친구지).
Examples
그는 웃기만 하지 묻는 말에는 대답하지 않았다.He just smiled and did not answer the question.
실수로 그런 거지 일부러 그런 건 아니에요.I did it by mistake, not on purpose.
성공은 꾸준한 노력의 결과이지 운이 좋아서 얻어지는 것이 아니다.Success is the result of steady effort, not something you get by luck.
Don’t mix up
-지 (대조)vs-지만-지만 is 'but': both facts stand. -지 rejects the second one: 비싸지만 좋아요 (expensive but good) vs 비싸기만 하지 좋지는 않아요 (just expensive, not good).-지 (대조)vsN이/가 아니라N이/가 아니라 puts the rejected item first; N(이)지 puts the true item first: 콩이 아니라 팥이에요 = 팥이지 콩이 아니에요.
How to build it
N+(이)지
V·A+지
past: V·A+았/었지 — followed by a contrasting, usually negative clause
콩 → 콩이지 (팥이 아니다); 친구 → 친구지; 싸다 → 값이 싸지 (품질이 좋은 건 아니다); 웃다 → 웃기만 하지 (대답은 안 한다); 돕다 → 도와줬지
- The second clause denies or opposes the first, usually with 아니다, 않다, 못하다, 없다: 이건 제 책이지 동생 책이 아니에요.
- After a consonant-final noun 이 is required (콩이지, 학생이지); after a vowel it is usually dropped (친구지). Past events take 았/었지: 도와줬지 방해한 게 아니에요.
- Very common for correcting a misunderstanding: -(으)ㄴ/는 거지 … -(으)ㄴ/는 게 아니다 ('I meant A, not B'), and with -기만 하지: 웃기만 하지 대답을 안 해요.
- Do not confuse it with the sentence-final -지 ('…, right?') or with -지 않다: this -지 sits in the middle and a contrasting clause always follows.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 이것은 콩지 팥이 아니다.
Right: 이것은 콩이지 팥이 아니다.
A noun ending in a consonant needs 이지; 이 can drop only after a vowel (친구지).
Practise -지 (대조) on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)ㄹ 망정-(으)ㄹ망정 means 'even if I have to accept this bad situation, I still won't give up something more important,' or 'although X is true, Y still holds.'
- -(으)ㄹ 테지만From -(으)ㄹ 터이지만: 'surely / probably …, but'. The speaker grants a confident assumption, often about the listener's feelings or situation, and then adds a contrasting point. A little more formal than -겠지만.
- -(으)ㄹ지언정Use it to say you would accept even something bad in the first clause, but you will firmly hold to what you say in the second: "even if X, I still (won't) Y" or "X may be so, but Y."
- -(느)ㄴ다기보다는Use it to say that a first description is not quite accurate and then give a better one: 'it's not so much X as Y.'
- -아/어 봤자-아/어 봤자 says that even if you do something, it will be useless or the result will be small, so it is not worth doing.
- -고도-고도 means that even after A has actually happened, B happens or stays the opposite of what A would lead you to expect.
- -에도 불구하고N에도 불구하고 'despite N, in spite of N': a known fact, expressed by a noun, that should have prevented the result, yet the result happened. Formal: news, reports, speeches.
- -(이)란N(이)란 picks out a concept that you are about to define or explain the essence of: "N is (by its nature)…", "what we call N is…".
- -(으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다Use -(으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다 when the situation makes it plain to you that something, usually something bad, will happen or has happened.
