TOPIK II · LEVEL 3
-(으)ㄴ/는 편이다
-(으)ㄴ/는 편이다 softly says that something is 'rather' or 'on the whole' a certain way compared with what is usual or average.
경험·시도Trying & experienceHan: 비싸다 is an adjective, so in the present it takes -(으)ㄴ 편이다, not -는 편이다, which is for verbs and 있다/없다.
Examples
제 동생은 또래에 비해 키가 큰 편이에요.My younger sibling is rather tall for their age.
이 식당은 가격에 비해 음식이 맛있는 편이에요.For the price, the food at this restaurant is pretty good.
저는 아침을 잘 안 먹는 편이에요.I tend not to eat breakfast much.
이번 시험은 지난번보다 쉬운 편이었어요.This exam was on the easy side compared to the last one.
Don’t mix up
-(으)ㄴ/는 편이다vs-는 경향이 있다경향이 있다 describes a general trend, often of groups, in a more formal or analytic tone; 편이다 is a personal, everyday judgment: 요즘 젊은 사람들은 결혼을 늦게 하는 경향이 있다.
-(으)ㄴ/는 편이다vs-곤 하다-곤 하다 says an action repeats from time to time, with no comparison; 편이다 compares degree with the average: 주말에는 공원에서 산책하곤 해요 vs 저는 산책을 자주 하는 편이에요.-(으)ㄴ/는 편이다vs-(으)ㄴ/는 것 같다것 같다 is a guess based on what you see; 편이다 is an evaluation of something you know well: 저 사람은 바쁜 것 같아요 vs 저는 평소에 바쁜 편이에요.How to build it
A+(으)ㄴ 편이다
V+는 편이다 (present)
있다·없다+는 편이다
V+(으)ㄴ 편이다 (a completed event)
past habit: V+는 편이었다
크다 → 큰 편이에요, 먹다 → 먹는 편이에요, 맛있다 → 맛있는 편이에요
- Adjectives take -(으)ㄴ in the present (비싼 편이다), verbs take -는 (자주 가는 편이다); words ending in 있다/없다 take -는 (재미있는 편이다).
- With verbs, an adverb of degree or frequency is usually needed (잘, 많이, 자주, 일찍); a bare 가는 편이에요 usually sounds incomplete.
- It expresses a subjective, comparative judgment, so it is not used for clear objective facts (서울은 한국의 수도예요, not *수도인 편이에요) and usually not with strong words like 아주 or 너무.
- For a past habit use -는 편이었다 (어릴 때 많이 먹는 편이었어요); V-(으)ㄴ 편이다 judges one completed event (오늘은 일찍 온 편이에요).
Classic mistake
Wrong: 이 가방은 좀 비싸는 편이에요.
Right: 이 가방은 좀 비싼 편이에요.
비싸다 is an adjective, so in the present it takes -(으)ㄴ 편이다, not -는 편이다, which is for verbs and 있다/없다.
Practise -(으)ㄴ/는 편이다 on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)ㄴ/는 척하다Shows that someone deliberately acts as if something were true when it is not: 'pretend to / act as if'.
- -아/어 드리다The humble form of -아/어 주다: do something for someone older or higher in status, such as parents, teachers or customers. Also the polite way to offer help: 도와드릴까요?
- -아/어 보이다A-아/어 보이다 means 'to look / seem (adjective)' based on appearance.
- -기만 하다-기만 하다 means 'only / just keep doing A' (and nothing else), often with a complaining tone.
- -(으)ㅁ-(으)ㅁ turns a verb or adjective into a noun; it is used in notes, notices, memos and written records.
- -(으)며-(으)며 is a formal, written 'and' (listing) or 'while' (two actions at once).
- -(이)야-(이)야 emphasizes a topic as obvious or as the only one meant: 'as for N, of course …'.
- -(으)ㄹ 겸-(으)ㄹ 겸 gives one of two or more purposes for a single action: 'partly to …, and also to …'.
- -(으)ㄹ 걸 그랬다-(으)ㄹ 걸 그랬다 expresses regret: 'I should have done …' (but didn't).
