TOPIK I · LEVEL 1
고유어 숫자 + 단위 (하나, 둘, 셋)
Native Korean numbers (하나, 둘, 셋…) are used to count things and people with a counter word, and for hours and age.
정도·비교Degree & comparisonHan: Before a counter 스물 shortens to 스무, just like 하나 → 한 and 둘 → 두.
Examples
내일 아침 아홉 시에 만나요.Let’s meet at nine tomorrow morning.
우리 반에 학생이 열두 명 있어요.There are twelve students in our class.
딜노자 씨는 스물한 살이에요.Dilnoza is twenty-one.
아이스 아메리카노 두 잔 주세요.Two iced americanos, please.
Don’t mix up
고유어 숫자 + 단위 (하나, 둘, 셋)vs한자어 숫자 (일, 이, 삼)Sino numbers are for money, dates, minutes and numbering: 삼 분 'three minutes' vs 세 시 'three o’clock'; 삼 층 'third floor'.고유어 숫자 + 단위 (하나, 둘, 셋)vs명 / 사람 / 분세 명 and 세 사람 both mean 'three people'; for guests and people you respect use 분: 세 분이세요? 'Three of you?' (in a restaurant).
How to build it
하나 둘 셋 넷 다섯 여섯 일곱 여덟 아홉 열 · 스물 서른 마흔 쉰 예순 일흔 여든 아흔 · before a counter: 한 두 세 네 스무+개/명/살/시/병/잔/권/장/마리
사과 한 개, 학생 두 명, 스무 살, 세 시, 물 네 병, 커피 두 잔, 책 한 권, 표 세 장, 고양이 한 마리
- Before a counter 1–4 and 20 shorten: 하나 → 한, 둘 → 두, 셋 → 세, 넷 → 네, 스물 → 스무. Only exactly 20 becomes 스무; 21 is 스물한, 22 is 스물두 (열한 개, 스물세 살).
- Word order: noun + number + counter: 커피 두 잔 주세요, 친구 세 명. Counters: 개 things, 명 people (honorific 분), 살 age, 시 hours, 병 bottles, 잔 cups, 권 books, 장 flat things (paper, tickets, photos), 마리 animals.
- Native numbers stop at 99 (아흔아홉); from 100 Koreans use Sino numbers (백 명). Age with 살 and hours with 시 are always native.
- 몇 + counter asks 'how many': 몇 개, 몇 명, 몇 살, 몇 시. Hours are native but minutes are Sino: 세 시 삼십 분 (or 세 시 반).
Classic mistake
Wrong: 저는 스물 살이에요.
Right: 저는 스무 살이에요.
Before a counter 스물 shortens to 스무, just like 하나 → 한 and 둘 → 두.
Practise 고유어 숫자 + 단위 (하나, 둘, 셋) on real TOPIK questions
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Start 7-day free trialMore level 1 grammar
All TOPIK grammar- 몇몇 asks 'how many' or 'what number' and always comes right before a counter such as 개, 명, 시 or 살.
- 제일/가장제일 and 가장 mean 'the most, the best': put before an adjective, verb or adverb, they make it superlative.
- 한자어 숫자 (일, 이, 삼)Sino-Korean numbers (from Chinese) are used for money, dates, minutes, phone numbers, floors, numbered things, and every number from 100 up.
- -(으)로-(으)로 marks the direction you head toward, the means or tool you use, or what something is made of.
- -(이)나(이)나 links two nouns as alternatives ("A or B"), and after a number it shows an approximate amount in questions or a surprisingly large amount in statements.
- -(으)ㄹ 거예요Use -(으)ㄹ 거예요 to say what you plan to do in the future, or to make a guess about something you are not sure of.
- -(으)시--(으)시- goes inside a verb or adjective to show respect to the person doing the action (the subject).
- -(으)려고Links an intention to the action taken to achieve it: 'in order to, so as to'. Neutral, everyday register.
- -(으)세요-(으)세요 is the polite honorific ending: it shows respect to the subject in statements and questions (선생님은 책을 읽으세요), and with action verbs it politely tells or asks the listener to do something (앉으세요).
