TOPIK I · LEVEL 2
-고요
-고요 adds one more point to what was just said, in a friendly spoken way: 'and also …'.
문장 끝·말투Endings & speech styleHan: -고요 already contains the polite 요; don't add another one.
Examples
그 식당은 음식이 맛있어요. 값도 싸고요.The food at that restaurant is tasty. And it's cheap too.
방이 넓어요. 창문도 크고요.The room is spacious. And the window is big as well.
오늘은 좀 피곤해요. 어제 늦게 잤고요.I'm a bit tired today. Plus I went to bed late yesterday.
Don’t mix up
-고요vs-고-고 joins two clauses inside one sentence; -고요 adds the second point as its own polite spoken sentence.How to build it
V/A+고요
싸다 → 싸고요, 맛있다 → 맛있고요
- Used in speech, often as a separate sentence after the first one.
- Past tense goes before it: 갔고요, 먹었고요.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 날씨가 좋아요. 그리고 바람도 시원하고요요.
Right: 날씨가 좋아요. 바람도 시원하고요.
-고요 already contains the polite 요; don't add another one.
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)ㄹ 것Ends a written instruction or rule with a noun-like command: 'do X; X is to be done'. Impersonal and firm; used in notices, exam instructions, memos and rule lists.
- -(으)ㄹ게요-(으)ㄹ게요 is how you tell someone 'I'll do it': a promise or decision you make with the listener in mind.
- -(으)십시오-(으)십시오 is the formal, polite way to tell or ask someone to do something: 'please do …'.
- -(으)ㄹ래요?Use it to ask what the listener wants to do ("Do you want to…?") or to say what you yourself want to do ("I'll… / I want to…") in a friendly, polite way.
- -(으)ㄴ가요?/-나요?-(으)ㄴ가요?/-나요? make a soft, gentle polite question.
- -자-자 is the casual way to say "let's (do something)" to close friends or people younger than you.
- -지Casual (반말) sentence ending that, depending on intonation, seeks agreement ('…, right?'), states something as obvious, asks oneself a question, or makes a soft suggestion ('why don't you…'). Its polite form is -지요/죠.
- -지 말다-지 말다 is the negative used in commands, suggestions and wishes: 'don't', 'let's not', 'not A but B', 'told me not to'. Plain 안/-지 않다 cannot be used there.
- -지 마세요Add -지 마세요 to a verb to politely ask someone not to do something.