TOPIK II · LEVEL 3
-기도 하다
-기도 하다 adds 'also' or 'sometimes': A is also true, or A happens now and then.
나열·첨가Listing & addingHan: When listing two, each part needs 하다: -기도 하고 -기도 해요.
Examples
바쁠 때는 점심을 거르기도 해요.When I'm busy, I sometimes skip lunch.
주말에는 영화를 보기도 하고 운동을 하기도 해요.At weekends I sometimes watch movies and sometimes exercise.
졸업해서 기쁘기도 하고 섭섭하기도 해요.I'm graduating, so I'm both happy and a little sad.
Don’t mix up
-기도 하다vs-도N도 adds a noun ('also N'); -기도 하다 adds an action or state: 커피도 마셔요 vs 커피를 마시기도 해요 'I sometimes drink coffee'.How to build it
V/A+기도 하다
가다 → 가기도 해요, 슬프다 → 슬프기도 해요
- -기도 하고 -기도 하다 lists two sides: 기쁘기도 하고 슬프기도 해요 'both happy and sad'.
- Tense goes on 하다: 가기도 했어요.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 기쁘기도 슬프기도 해요.
Right: 기쁘기도 하고 슬프기도 해요.
When listing two, each part needs 하다: -기도 하고 -기도 해요.
Practise -기도 하다 on real TOPIK questions
Hannim plans each day up to your exam date: questions on this pattern, reviews, full mock papers and graded writing. 7 days free, no card.
Start 7-day free trialMore level 3 grammar
All TOPIK grammar- -(으)ㄹ 뿐만 아니라Use it to say that besides the first fact, a second fact of the same kind is also true: "not only ... but also ...".
- -(으)ㄴ/는 데다가-(으)ㄴ/는 데다가 adds a second fact on top of the first, usually pointing the same way, like "and on top of that…".
- -(느)ㄴ다거나Lists actions or states as examples, 'things like doing A or B'; it comes from -다고 하거나 and gives representative options rather than a full list.
- -든지-든지 means 'either … or' or 'whatever / whenever': any of the options is fine.
- -(으)ㅁ-(으)ㅁ turns a verb or adjective into a noun; it is used in notes, notices, memos and written records.
- -(으)며-(으)며 is a formal, written 'and' (listing) or 'while' (two actions at once).
- -(이)야-(이)야 emphasizes a topic as obvious or as the only one meant: 'as for N, of course …'.
- -(으)ㄹ 겸-(으)ㄹ 겸 gives one of two or more purposes for a single action: 'partly to …, and also to …'.
- -(으)ㄹ 걸 그랬다-(으)ㄹ 걸 그랬다 expresses regret: 'I should have done …' (but didn't).