TOPIK II · LEVEL 6
-(으)리라고
-(으)리라 + quotative 고 before a verb of thinking or expecting: '(think/believe/expect) that … will …'. Literary; very common in -(으)리라고는 생각하지 못했다 'never imagined that …'.
추측·판단Guessing & judgingHan: -(으)리라고 attaches directly to the stem (성공하리라고); adding ㄹ mixes it up with -(으)ㄹ 거라고.
Examples
많은 전문가들은 금리가 당분간 크게 오르지 않으리라고 전망했다.Many experts forecast that interest rates would not rise much for the time being.
그때만 해도 그 작은 가게가 이렇게 유명해지리라고는 아무도 생각하지 못했다.Back then nobody imagined that the little shop would become so famous.
그녀는 언젠가 진실이 밝혀지리라고 굳게 믿으며 기다렸다.She waited, firmly believing that the truth would one day come out.
Don’t mix up
-(으)리라고vs-(으)ㄹ 거라고The spoken equivalent: 그가 올 거라고 믿었어요. -(으)리라고 is the written one: 그가 오리라고 믿었다.
-(으)리라고vs-(으)리라는 + N-(으)리라는 is followed by a noun: 오리라는 믿음. -(으)리라고 is followed by a verb: 오리라고 믿었다.-(으)리라고vs-(느)ㄴ다고 생각하다-(느)ㄴ다고 생각하다 gives a present opinion: 그 의견이 옳다고 생각한다. -(으)리라고 gives an expectation about what will be: 결국 옳은 것으로 밝혀지리라고 생각한다.
How to build it
V/A+(으)리라고+생각하다/믿다/예상하다/기대하다/짐작하다/다짐하다
N+(이)리라고
past: 았/었으리라고
emphatic: -(으)리라고는
오다 → 오리라고 믿다; 좋다 → 좋으리라고 생각하다; 알다 → 알리라고; 유명해지다 → 유명해지리라고는; 끝났다 → 끝났으리라고
- The verb after it is one of thinking, believing or expecting: 생각하다, 믿다, 예상하다, 전망하다, 기대하다, 짐작하다; or of resolving: 다짐하다, 결심하다.
- -(으)리라고는 + 생각하지 못했다 / 꿈에도 몰랐다 / 아무도 예상하지 못했다 reports that something unexpected actually happened.
- It attaches straight to the stem, with no ㄹ added. Written style; in speech say -(으)ㄹ 거라고: 이길 거라고 생각했어요. In writing the 고 may drop: 오리라 믿는다.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 그가 이렇게 성공할리라고는 아무도 몰랐다.
Right: 그가 이렇게 성공하리라고는 아무도 몰랐다.
-(으)리라고 attaches directly to the stem (성공하리라고); adding ㄹ mixes it up with -(으)ㄹ 거라고.
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)ㄹ 리 만무하다A formal, emphatic way to say "there is absolutely no way that ~", based on the speaker's firm reasoning.
- -(으)ㄹ 소지가 있다Something has a flaw or condition in it that could lead to an undesirable result, such as a misunderstanding, dispute or abuse.
- -(으)ㄴ/는 감이 있다Used to say, softly, that something strikes you as a bit too much or not quite enough: 'it feels somewhat ~'.
- -(으)ㄹ라A casual sentence ending used to warn someone close that something bad might happen if they are not careful.
- -(으)ㄹ세라-(으)ㄹ세라 means someone quickly or carefully does something out of anxiety that an unwanted event might happen ("for fear that", "lest").
- -지 싶다-지 싶다 expresses the speaker's own fairly confident guess, like 'I suppose / I'd say it's probably ~'.
- -(으)리라는 + NA literary noun modifier giving the content of an expectation, belief or resolve: 'the expectation/belief that … will …'. It is -(으)리라 + -는 (from -고 하는) and is typical of news, essays and narratives.
- -(으)매-(으)매 is a bookish, literary way to say 'because' or 'as', linking a cause to its natural result in formal writing.
- -(으)나 -(으)나Two paired or opposite verbs/adjectives, each with -(으)나, mean 'whichever of these is the case, the following stays the same', which often amounts to 'regardless' or 'all the time'.