TOPIK I · LEVEL 2
-아도/어도 되다
-아도/어도 되다 means 'it's okay to / you may do it', and it is used to give or ask for permission.
능력·허락·의무Can, may & mustHan: The negative answer to '-아도 돼요?' is not '-아도 안 돼요'; Koreans forbid something with '-(으)면 안 돼요'.
Examples
이 펜 좀 써도 돼요? — 네, 써도 돼요.Can I use this pen? — Yes, go ahead.
좀 더운데 창문을 열어도 될까요?It's a bit hot, may I open the window?
여기 앉아도 돼요?May I sit here?
내일은 수업이 없으니까 늦게 와도 돼요.There's no class tomorrow, so you can come late.
Don’t mix up
-아도/어도 되다vs-(으)면 안 되다-아도 되다 gives permission; -(으)면 안 되다 forbids: 여기서 담배를 피우면 안 돼요.-아도/어도 되다vs-지 않아도 되다 / 안 -아도 되다Adding a negation means 'you don't have to': 내일은 학교에 안 가도 돼요.
-아도/어도 되다vs-아야/어야 되다-아도 되다 means 'may', while -아야 되다 means 'must': 내일 일찍 일어나야 돼요.
How to build it
V/A+아도/어도 되다 (하다 → 해도 되다)
가다 → 가도 돼요, 먹다 → 먹어도 돼요, 전화하다 → 전화해도 돼요
- To refuse permission, do not say '-아도 안 돼요'; use '-(으)면 안 돼요' instead: 아니요, 먹으면 안 돼요.
- Spell the polite form 돼요 (from 되어요), not 되요.
- With older people or strangers, '-아도/어도 될까요?' or '-아도/어도 돼요?' with polite words sounds softer than a plain '-아도 돼?'.
- 되다 can be replaced by 괜찮다 or 좋다 with almost the same meaning: 먹어도 괜찮아요.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 아니요, 여기에서 사진을 찍어도 안 돼요.
Right: 아니요, 여기에서 사진을 찍으면 안 돼요.
The negative answer to '-아도 돼요?' is not '-아도 안 돼요'; Koreans forbid something with '-(으)면 안 돼요'.
Practise -아도/어도 되다 on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)면 안 되다States that an action is not allowed or not acceptable: 'you must not… / it's not okay to…'.
- -(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다Attach it to a verb to say that someone can or cannot do something, either because of their ability or because the situation allows or prevents it.
- -(으)ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다Use it to say whether someone knows how to do something, meaning a skill or method they have learned.
- -(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다Says there is no other choice or that a result is unavoidable: 'have no choice but to, can't help but, is bound to'.
- -는 게 좋겠다-는 게 좋겠다 gives soft advice or a suggestion: 'it would be better to …'.
- -지 못하다-지 못하다 says someone cannot do something (lack of ability or circumstances), the long form of 못.
- -아야/어야 되다(하다)Use it to say that someone must or has to do something, or that a certain state is necessary.
- -(으)면-(으)면 attaches to a verb or adjective to set a condition: "if X happens or is true, then Y," and it can also mean "whenever X" for things that regularly happen.
- -(으)ㄴ 지Shows how much time has passed since an action happened.
