TOPIK II · LEVEL 4
-(으)되
-(으)되 states or allows a first action and then adds a condition or limit to it, in a formal or written style.
대조·양보Contrast & concessionHan: This is a casual statement of two contrasting facts with no condition or limit, so -(으)되 sounds bookish and unnatural; -지만 fits.
Examples
술을 마시되 운전은 하지 마십시오.You may drink, but do not drive.
운동은 매일 하되 무리하지 않는 것이 좋습니다.Exercise every day, but it is better not to overdo it.
자유롭게 의견을 말하되 다른 사람을 비난해서는 안 됩니다.Feel free to share your opinions, but you must not criticize other people.
회의실을 사용하되 사용 후에는 꼭 정리해 주십시오.You may use the meeting room, but please be sure to tidy it up afterwards.
Don’t mix up
-(으)되vs-지만-지만 simply contrasts two facts in any style; -(으)되 attaches a condition to something allowed or done: 비싸지만 맛있어요 vs 드시되 천천히 드십시오.-(으)되vs-(으)나Both are formal, but -(으)나 reports a contrast between facts, while -(으)되 sets a limit, usually before an instruction: 열심히 노력했으나 실패했다 vs 노력하되 건강도 챙기십시오.How to build it
V (consonant stem)+으되
V (vowel or ㄹ stem)+되
N+이되
먹다 → 먹으되, 가다 → 가되, 만들다 → 만들되
- It is formal or written: typical in rules, notices, instructions and advice. In casual everyday talk it sounds stiff, so -지만 is used instead.
- The second clause usually carries the restriction, so it is often a command, request, prohibition, or -아야 하다 / -는 것이 좋다.
- Stems ending in ㄹ take 되 directly without 으: 만들되, 살되 (not 만들으되).
Classic mistake
Wrong: 이 식당은 비싸되 맛있어요.
Right: 이 식당은 비싸지만 맛있어요.
This is a casual statement of two contrasting facts with no condition or limit, so -(으)되 sounds bookish and unnatural; -지만 fits.
Practise -(으)되 on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)나-(으)나 is a formal written 'but / however', linking two contrasting clauses.
- -(으)ㄹ 게 아니라Use it to say that doing X is not the right move, so you should do Y instead: "rather than doing X, do Y."
- -(으)ㄴ/는 데 반해-(으)ㄴ/는 데 반해 contrasts two facts: 'whereas / while A, B'.
- -(으)ㄴ/는 데 비해Says that the second fact is more or less than what the first fact would lead you to expect: 'considering that…', 'compared with the fact that…'.
- -(으)ㄴ/는 데도 불구하고Use it to say that something happened or is true despite a real fact that should have prevented it, which makes the result surprising.
- -(으)ㄴ들-(으)ㄴ들 means "even if (it happens), it changes nothing," and it usually leads into a negative statement or a rhetorical question.
- -(느)ㄴ다고 해도-(느)ㄴ다고 해도 means 'even if (it is the case that) …', conceding a point before saying it doesn't change things.
- -(으)ㅁ에도 불구하고-(으)ㅁ에도 불구하고 states a real fact and says the result happened despite it, against what you would expect.
- -는 한편-는 한편 links two parallel actions or two sides of one situation: 'while doing X, (the subject) also does Y' or 'X is true; on the other hand, Y is true too'.
