TOPIK II · LEVEL 3
-(으)라고 하다
Use -(으)라고 하다 to report what someone told another person to do, turning a command or request into indirect speech.
인용·전달Quoting & reportingHan: Commands are negated with -지 말다, so the indirect negative command is -지 말라고 하다; -지 않다 cannot take a command ending.
Examples
의사가 당분간 술을 마시지 말라고 했어요.The doctor told me not to drink alcohol for a while.
엄마가 오늘은 일찍 들어오라고 했어요.My mom told me to come home early today.
선생님이 내일까지 숙제를 내라고 하셨어요.The teacher told us to hand in the homework by tomorrow.
부장님께 회의실로 오시라고 전해 주세요.Please tell the department head to come to the meeting room.
Don’t mix up
-(으)라고 하다vs-다고 하다-다고 하다 reports a statement (what someone said is true), -(으)라고 하다 reports a command: 친구가 바쁘다고 했어요 vs 친구가 빨리 오라고 했어요.
-(으)라고 하다vs-자고 하다-자고 하다 reports a suggestion to do something together, -(으)라고 하다 tells only the listener to act: 친구가 같이 가자고 했어요 vs 친구가 먼저 가라고 했어요.-(으)라고 하다vs-아/어 달라고 하다Use 달라고 when the speaker of the original request wants the favor for themselves, 주라고 when it is for someone else: 친구가 책을 빌려 달라고 했어요 vs 엄마가 동생에게 책을 빌려 주라고 했어요.
How to build it
V (stem ending in a consonant)+으라고 하다
V (stem ending in a vowel or ㄹ)+라고 하다
negative: V+지 말라고 하다
읽다 → 읽으라고 했어요, 가다 → 가라고 했어요, 만들다 → 만들라고 했어요, 먹다 → 먹지 말라고 했어요
- It attaches to action verbs; adjectives usually cannot be commanded, so change them into a verb phrase (조용하다 → 조용히 하라고).
- A negative command is -지 말라고 하다, not -지 않으라고 하다.
- Do not put past tense on the commanded verb; tense goes on 하다 (가라고 했어요, not 갔으라고 했어요).
- To show respect to the person who must act, add -시-: 오시라고 했어요 (told him/her to come, politely).
Classic mistake
Wrong: 의사가 술을 마시지 않으라고 했어요.
Right: 의사가 술을 마시지 말라고 했어요.
Commands are negated with -지 말다, so the indirect negative command is -지 말라고 하다; -지 않다 cannot take a command ending.
Practise -(으)라고 하다 on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(이)라고 (직접 인용)A particle placed right after words quoted exactly as they were said or written, followed by a verb such as 하다, 말하다, 묻다 or 쓰다.
- -(으)냐고 하다You use it to pass on a question someone asked: "X asked whether / what / where …".
- -(느)ㄴ대요-(느)ㄴ대요 is the short spoken form of '-(느)ㄴ다고 해요': 'they say / I heard that …'.
- -(느)ㄴ다고 하다Use it to retell a statement someone made in your own words, like English 'he said that…'.
- -자고 하다Use -자고 하다 to report that someone suggested "let's do ~", that is, an action the speaker and the listener would do together.
- -(으)ㅁ-(으)ㅁ turns a verb or adjective into a noun; it is used in notes, notices, memos and written records.
- -(으)며-(으)며 is a formal, written 'and' (listing) or 'while' (two actions at once).
- -(이)야-(이)야 emphasizes a topic as obvious or as the only one meant: 'as for N, of course …'.
- -(으)ㄹ 겸-(으)ㄹ 겸 gives one of two or more purposes for a single action: 'partly to …, and also to …'.
