TOPIK II · LEVEL 3
-(으)ㄹ수록
-(으)ㄹ수록 means 'the more A happens or the stronger A is, the more B changes along with it.'
정도·비교Degree & comparisonHan: -(으)ㄹ수록 does not take the past tense marker -았/었-; attach it directly to the verb stem.
Examples
이 노래는 들을수록 좋아요.The more you listen to this song, the more you like it.
날씨가 추울수록 따뜻한 국물이 생각나요.The colder the weather, the more I crave hot soup.
바쁠수록 건강을 챙겨야 해요.The busier you are, the more you should take care of your health.
한국어는 공부하면 할수록 재미있어요.The more I study Korean, the more fun it gets.
Don’t mix up
-(으)ㄹ수록vs-(으)면서-(으)면서 joins two actions happening at the same time; -(으)ㄹ수록 says B grows as A grows: 음악을 들으면서 공부해요 vs 이 음악은 들을수록 좋아요.-(으)ㄹ수록vs-(으)ㄴ/는 만큼만큼 says the result matches the amount of A (and allows past tense); -(으)ㄹ수록 stresses a gradual, ongoing increase: 노력한 만큼 결과가 나와요 vs 노력할수록 실력이 늘어요.How to build it
V/A+(으)ㄹ수록 (often: V/A + (으)면 + same V/A + (으)ㄹ수록)
N+일수록
먹다 → 먹을수록, 가다 → 갈수록, 춥다 → 추울수록, 만들다 → 만들수록, 학생 → 학생일수록
- Do not put past tense -았/었- before -(으)ㄹ수록: say 먹을수록, not 먹었을수록.
- It is a connecting ending, so the sentence cannot end with it; the second clause must describe a change or degree (often with 더, 점점).
- For emphasis, the same verb or adjective is usually repeated with -(으)면: 보면 볼수록, 생각하면 할수록.
- Stem changes follow normal irregular rules: ㄹ-stems just add 수록 (살수록), ㅂ-stems become 우 (추울수록).
Classic mistake
Wrong: 많이 먹었을수록 살이 쪄요.
Right: 많이 먹을수록 살이 쪄요.
-(으)ㄹ수록 does not take the past tense marker -았/었-; attach it directly to the verb stem.
Practise -(으)ㄹ수록 on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)ㄹ 뻔하다-(으)ㄹ 뻔했다 means something almost happened, usually something bad, but in the end it did not.
- -(으)ㄹ 정도로-(으)ㄹ 정도로 shows how strong or intense something is by naming a result or situation it reaches: "so much that…".
- -(으)ㄴ/는 셈이다Use -(으)ㄴ/는 셈이다 to say that, when you add up the facts, something is practically true even if it is not literally exact.
- -만큼Attached to a noun, it marks the standard of comparison: 'as … as N, to the same degree as N'. 만치 is an older, less common variant.
- -(으)ㅁ-(으)ㅁ turns a verb or adjective into a noun; it is used in notes, notices, memos and written records.
- -(으)며-(으)며 is a formal, written 'and' (listing) or 'while' (two actions at once).
- -(이)야-(이)야 emphasizes a topic as obvious or as the only one meant: 'as for N, of course …'.
- -(으)ㄹ 겸-(으)ㄹ 겸 gives one of two or more purposes for a single action: 'partly to …, and also to …'.
- -(으)ㄹ 걸 그랬다-(으)ㄹ 걸 그랬다 expresses regret: 'I should have done …' (but didn't).
