TOPIK II · LEVEL 5
-기에 앞서
-기에 앞서 means "before doing (something important)" and is used in formal speech and writing to introduce a step that comes first.
시간·순서Time & sequenceHan: -기에 앞서 does not take a past marker; the past tense is already shown by 드렸습니다 at the end.
Examples
정부는 새 정책을 시행하기에 앞서 시민들의 의견을 먼저 들었다.Before implementing the new policy, the government first listened to citizens' opinions.
해외로 이주하기에 앞서 그 나라의 문화와 법을 미리 알아보았다.Before moving abroad, I looked into that country's culture and laws in advance.
계약서에 서명하기에 앞서 내용을 꼼꼼히 확인하시기 바랍니다.Before signing the contract, please check its contents carefully.
본격적으로 회의를 시작하기에 앞서 간단히 자기소개를 하겠습니다.Before we properly begin the meeting, let me briefly introduce myself.
Don’t mix up
-기에 앞서vs-기 전에Same meaning, but -기 전에 is neutral and fits everyday speech, while -기에 앞서 is formal: 자기 전에 이를 닦아요 (not 자기에 앞서).-기에 앞서vs-기에 (reason)Without 앞서, -기에 gives a reason ("because"), not time: 비가 오기에 우산을 챙겼다 = because it was raining.
How to build it
V+기에 앞서 (N + 에 앞서)
시작하다 → 시작하기에 앞서; 회의 → 회의에 앞서
- Do not put a tense marker before -기: say 시작하기에 앞서, not 시작했기에 앞서. Past tense is shown only in the final verb.
- It belongs to a formal register (speeches, announcements, reports); in casual conversation about everyday actions it sounds stiff, so use -기 전에 there.
- It is typically followed by a preparatory or preliminary action, often with 먼저 or 미리 in the main clause.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 회의를 시작했기에 앞서 자료를 나눠 드렸습니다.
Right: 회의를 시작하기에 앞서 자료를 나눠 드렸습니다.
-기에 앞서 does not take a past marker; the past tense is already shown by 드렸습니다 at the end.
Practise -기에 앞서 on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)ㄴ 끝에Shows that a result was finally reached after a long or difficult process of doing something.
- -(으)ㄹ 즈음-(으)ㄹ 즈음 means "around the time when something happens": it marks an approximate time, not an exact moment.
- -고 보니-고 보니 means that only after finishing an action did the speaker notice or realize something new, often something they had not expected.
- -고 보면Says that once you actually do something completely (get to know it, hear it out, think it through, let time pass), you see a truth that differs from your first impression.
- -던 차에-던 차에 means that while you were doing something, or just about to do it, another event happened at that very moment, often conveniently.
- -는 동시에Shows that two events happen at the very same moment, or that one thing has two qualities or roles at once.
- -는 와중에-는 와중에 marks a busy, chaotic or difficult situation as the background, against which something else, often unexpected, happens.
- -(이)란N(이)란 picks out a concept that you are about to define or explain the essence of: "N is (by its nature)…", "what we call N is…".
- -(으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다Use -(으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다 when the situation makes it plain to you that something, usually something bad, will happen or has happened.
