TOPIK II · LEVEL 5
-는 와중에
-는 와중에 marks a busy, chaotic or difficult situation as the background, against which something else, often unexpected, happens.
시간·순서Time & sequenceHan: Quietly reading is a calm situation, so 와중에 (which implies busyness or turmoil) clashes with it; neutral 중에 fits.
Examples
이사 준비로 정신없는 와중에 아이가 열이 나서 병원에 다녀왔어요.In the middle of the chaos of getting ready to move, my child got a fever, so we went to the hospital.
회사가 구조 조정으로 어수선한 와중에 팀장님까지 그만두셨다.While the company was in turmoil over restructuring, even our team leader quit.
모두가 서둘러 대피하는 와중에 그는 휴대폰으로 사진을 찍고 있었다.While everyone was hurrying to evacuate, he was taking photos with his phone.
바쁘신 와중에도 이렇게 와 주셔서 정말 감사합니다.Thank you so much for coming even though you're so busy.
Don’t mix up
-는 와중에vs-는 중에-는 중에 is a neutral 'while doing'; -는 와중에 adds a sense of busyness or turmoil. 회의하는 중에 전화가 왔어요 (just during a meeting).
-는 와중에vs-는 가운데-는 가운데 is a formal, neutral background (news, speeches) with no sense of chaos. 많은 시민들이 지켜보는 가운데 행사가 열렸다.
-는 와중에vs-는 통에-는 통에 gives a chaotic situation as the cause of a bad result; -는 와중에 only sets the time background. 아이들이 떠드는 통에 잠을 못 잤어요.How to build it
V+는 와중에
A+(으)ㄴ 와중에
N+의 와중에 (often + 도)
대피하다 → 대피하는 와중에, 바쁘다 → 바쁜 와중에, 전쟁 → 전쟁의 와중에
- The background is usually hectic, confused or troubled (busy, chaos, moving house, war). For a calm, neutral 'while', use -는 중에 or -는 동안 instead.
- Do not put past tense before it (✗ 바빴는 와중에). Show the time in the main clause; for a past background that was in progress, -던 와중에 is also possible.
- With 도 (와중에도) it means 'even in such a situation' and is typical in polite thanks: 바쁘신 와중에도.
- In speech, 그 와중에 alone can start a sentence to express surprise or criticism: 그 와중에 밥이 넘어가?
Classic mistake
Wrong: 조용히 책을 읽는 와중에 친구에게서 문자가 왔어요.
Right: 조용히 책을 읽는 중에 친구에게서 문자가 왔어요.
Quietly reading is a calm situation, so 와중에 (which implies busyness or turmoil) clashes with it; neutral 중에 fits.
Practise -는 와중에 on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)ㄴ 끝에Shows that a result was finally reached after a long or difficult process of doing something.
- -(으)ㄹ 즈음-(으)ㄹ 즈음 means "around the time when something happens": it marks an approximate time, not an exact moment.
- -고 보니-고 보니 means that only after finishing an action did the speaker notice or realize something new, often something they had not expected.
- -고 보면Says that once you actually do something completely (get to know it, hear it out, think it through, let time pass), you see a truth that differs from your first impression.
- -던 차에-던 차에 means that while you were doing something, or just about to do it, another event happened at that very moment, often conveniently.
- -는 동시에Shows that two events happen at the very same moment, or that one thing has two qualities or roles at once.
- -기에 앞서-기에 앞서 means "before doing (something important)" and is used in formal speech and writing to introduce a step that comes first.
- -(이)란N(이)란 picks out a concept that you are about to define or explain the essence of: "N is (by its nature)…", "what we call N is…".
- -(으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다Use -(으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다 when the situation makes it plain to you that something, usually something bad, will happen or has happened.
