TOPIK II · LEVEL 5
-(으)ㄴ/는 데 있다
Use it to say where the real cause, purpose or essence of something lies: “X lies in (doing/being) ~”.
명사형·관형형Making nouns & modifiersHan: A purpose is not a reason, so 목적은 cannot end with -기 때문이다; to state what a purpose or essence consists of, use -는 데 있다.
Examples
이 회사가 성공한 비결은 고객의 의견을 꾸준히 듣는 데 있다.The secret of this company's success lies in consistently listening to customers' opinions.
이 정책의 목적은 청년들의 주거비 부담을 줄이는 데 있다.The aim of this policy is to reduce the burden of housing costs on young people.
문제는 우리가 서로 솔직하게 이야기하지 않는 데 있어요.The problem lies in the fact that we don't talk honestly with each other.
사고의 원인은 운전자가 신호를 지키지 않은 데 있었다.The cause of the accident lay in the driver not obeying the traffic light.
Don’t mix up
-(으)ㄴ/는 데 있다vs-기 때문이다-기 때문이다 gives only a reason (after 이유/원인), while -는 데 있다 also works with 목적, 비결, 핵심: 실패한 이유는 준비가 부족했기 때문이다 — but 목적은 ~는 데 있다, not ~기 때문이다.
-(으)ㄴ/는 데 있다vs-는 데(에) 좋다/필요하다/들다That 데 means “in/for doing ~” and is followed by an evaluation or cost, not by 있다 with a cause/essence subject: 이 차는 감기에 걸렸을 때 마시는 데 좋다.
How to build it
N은/는+V-는 데 있다 (past action: V-(으)ㄴ 데 있다) / A-(으)ㄴ 데 있다 / N인 데 있다
노력하다 → 노력하는 데 있다; 부족하다 → 부족한 데 있다
- The subject is usually an abstract noun such as 원인, 이유, 목적, 비결, 문제, 핵심 or 차이; the clause before 데 spells out what that cause or essence is.
- 데 here is a dependent noun, so write it with a space (하는 데 있다), unlike the connective ending -는데.
- For a verb, use -는 for a general or ongoing fact and -(으)ㄴ for a completed past action; show the time of the whole statement on 있다/있었다.
- It sounds formal and analytical, so it is typical of writing, news and presentations; in casual speech people usually say -기 때문이에요 instead.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 이 캠페인의 목적은 환경을 보호하기 때문이다.
Right: 이 캠페인의 목적은 환경을 보호하는 데 있다.
A purpose is not a reason, so 목적은 cannot end with -기 때문이다; to state what a purpose or essence consists of, use -는 데 있다.
Practise -(으)ㄴ/는 데 있다 on real TOPIK questions
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Start 7-day free trialMore level 5 grammar
All TOPIK grammar- -(이)란N(이)란 picks out a concept that you are about to define or explain the essence of: "N is (by its nature)…", "what we call N is…".
- -(으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다Use -(으)ㄹ 게 뻔하다 when the situation makes it plain to you that something, usually something bad, will happen or has happened.
- -(으)ㄴ 끝에Shows that a result was finally reached after a long or difficult process of doing something.
- -(으)ㄹ 망정-(으)ㄹ망정 means 'even if I have to accept this bad situation, I still won't give up something more important,' or 'although X is true, Y still holds.'
- -(으)ㄹ 즈음-(으)ㄹ 즈음 means "around the time when something happens": it marks an approximate time, not an exact moment.
- -(으)ㄹ 테다Declares the speaker's firm will or determination: 'I will … (no matter what)'. In a question to the listener it asks about their intention, often bluntly. Plain style: -(으)ㄹ 테야 in speech, -(으)ㄹ 테다 in self-talk and narration.
- -(으)ㄹ 테면From -(으)ㄹ 터이면 'if you intend to': makes someone's intention the condition. Mostly met in the blunt set phrase -(으)ㄹ 테면 -아/어 봐(라) 'go ahead, if you dare' or the indifferent -(으)ㄹ 테면 -아/어라 'do it if you want, I don't care'; plain-style speech.
- -(으)ㄹ 길이 없다It says there is simply no way or means to do something, so it cannot be done even if you want to.
- -(으)ㄹ 만도 하다Use -(으)ㄹ 만도 하다 to say that, given the circumstances, a reaction or result is understandable and not surprising.
