TOPIK II · LEVEL 5
-을/를 바탕으로
N을/를 바탕으로 means using N as the foundation or source material for creating, developing or judging something.
격식 표현Formal & written phrasesHan: To describe a noun you need the modifier form of 바탕으로 하다, i.e. 바탕으로 한 + N.
Examples
이 드라마는 실제 사건을 바탕으로 만들어졌다.This drama was made based on real events.
설문 조사 결과를 바탕으로 새로운 상품을 개발했습니다.We developed a new product based on the survey results.
그동안 쌓은 경험을 바탕으로 후배들에게 조언을 해 주고 싶어요.Drawing on the experience I've built up, I'd like to give advice to my juniors.
역사적 사실을 바탕으로 한 소설이라서 더 흥미롭게 읽었다.It's a novel based on historical facts, so I found it even more interesting to read.
Don’t mix up
-을/를 바탕으로vsN을/를 토대로Near-synonym and usually interchangeable; 토대로 sounds slightly more formal and is favored with data and research, while 바탕으로 is more common with experience and stories: 조사 결과를 토대로 결론을 내렸다.
-을/를 바탕으로vsN에 따라에 따라 means following a rule or changing depending on N; 바탕으로 means N is material you build something new from: 규칙에 따라 처리했다 vs 경험을 바탕으로 책을 썼다.
-을/를 바탕으로vsN을/를 통해통해 marks the channel or means through which something happens or is learned, not a foundation: 인터넷을 통해 소식을 들었다.
How to build it
N+을/를 바탕으로 (하여/해서)
before a noun: N+을/를 바탕으로 한+N
경험 → 경험을 바탕으로 / 자료 → 자료를 바탕으로 한 보고서
- Before a noun you need the modifier form 바탕으로 한 + N (실화를 바탕으로 한 영화), not 바탕으로 + N.
- N is usually information, experience, ideas or material (data, research, a true story), not a tool or physical support: ✗ 지팡이를 바탕으로 걸었다 → ✓ 지팡이에 의지해서 걸었다.
- The following verb usually means building or judging something: 만들다, 쓰다, 개발하다, 분석하다, 판단하다.
- It sounds fairly formal and is most common in reports, news, essays, presentations and interviews.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 이 영화는 실화를 바탕으로 영화예요.
Right: 이 영화는 실화를 바탕으로 한 영화예요.
To describe a noun you need the modifier form of 바탕으로 하다, i.e. 바탕으로 한 + N.
Practise -을/를 바탕으로 on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)ㅁ에 따라Use -(으)ㅁ에 따라 in formal writing to say that as one situation changes or progresses, another change follows from it.
- -(으)ㅁ으로써-(으)ㅁ으로써 presents the first action as the means or method that brings about the result in the second clause: 'by doing A, B happens'.
- -다 (표제·제목)In headlines, titles, captions and chapter headings, a verb in its bare dictionary form (stem + 다) states an event briefly and impersonally, usually one that has just happened: 'X wins', 'X opens'.
- -에 걸쳐-에 걸쳐 shows that an action or state stretches over a whole span of time, an area, or a series of occasions.
- -에 달려 있다N에 달려 있다 means that the outcome in the subject is decided by N: 'it all depends on N'.
- -에 이르기까지N에 이르기까지 marks the far end of a wide range, stressing that everything from one point all the way to N is included.
- -을/를 두고N을/를 두고 marks the issue that people argue about, debate, worry over or judge, like 'over / concerning N'.
- -을/를 계기로N을/를 계기로 means that an event or experience became the turning point that started a new action, decision or change.
- -을/를 비롯해N을/를 비롯해 puts the most important or representative member of a group first and then includes the others: 'including, above all, from N to the rest'.