TOPIK II · LEVEL 6
-에 있어서
Marks the area or aspect in which a statement holds true, like 'when it comes to N / in N / for N'; it is used mainly in formal writing and speeches.
격식 표현Formal & written phrasesHan: The presentation is about Korean culture, so it needs 에 대해서 ('about'); 에 있어서 marks the area where a claim holds, not the topic of 발표하다.
Examples
기업 경영에 있어서 신뢰는 무엇보다 소중한 자산이다.In running a business, trust is the most valuable asset of all.
외국어 학습에 있어서 가장 중요한 것은 꾸준함이다.When it comes to learning a foreign language, the most important thing is consistency.
나에게 있어서 가족은 삶의 이유이다.For me, family is the reason I live.
문제를 해결하는 데 있어서 무엇보다 필요한 것은 협력이다.In solving the problem, what is needed above all is cooperation.
Don’t mix up
-에 있어서vsN + 에 대해(서)에 대해(서) names the topic you talk or think about; 에 있어서 names the area in which a claim is true: 환경 문제에 대해 토론했다 vs 환경 보호에 있어서 시민의 역할이 크다.
-에 있어서vsN + 에서에서 is neutral and also marks place; 에 있어서 is formal and stresses 'as far as N is concerned': 교육에서 중요한 것 (neutral) vs 교육에 있어서 중요한 것 (formal).
How to build it
N+에 있어서 (shortened: 에 있어)
person/pronoun+에게 있어서
V+는 데 있어서
교육 → 교육에 있어서, 나 → 나에게 있어서, 해결하다 → 해결하는 데 있어서
- It attaches to nouns. With a verb, use V + 는 데 있어서 (문제를 해결하는 데 있어서), not V + 에 있어서.
- With people and pronouns, use 에게 있어서 (나에게 있어서, 학생들에게 있어서) instead of 에 있어서.
- It does not mean 'about'. With verbs of speaking or thinking (말하다, 발표하다, 생각하다), use 에 대해(서).
- It is formal and sounds stiff in casual conversation; there, 에서 or 에게는 is more natural. The short form 에 있어 is even more bookish.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 저는 한국 문화에 있어서 발표했어요.
Right: 저는 한국 문화에 대해서 발표했어요.
The presentation is about Korean culture, so it needs 에 대해서 ('about'); 에 있어서 marks the area where a claim holds, not the topic of 발표하다.
Practise -에 있어서 on real TOPIK questions
Hannim plans each day up to your exam date: questions on this pattern, reviews, full mock papers and graded writing. 7 days free, no card.
Start 7-day free trialMore level 6 grammar
All TOPIK grammar- -에 힘입어Names a supporting force, such as encouragement or a favorable trend, that helped bring about a good result: 'buoyed by / thanks to N'.
- -을/를 막론하고N을/를 막론하고 means that something holds true no matter which case of N you take, so no exception is made.
- -을/를 무릅쓰고N을/를 무릅쓰고 means you knowingly face a danger, hardship or opposition and still deliberately go ahead with an action.
- -을/를 불문하고N을/를 불문하고 means "no matter what N is": the statement applies equally to every kind or degree of N, and it is used mainly in formal or written Korean.
- -건대-건대 attaches to verbs like 'see', 'hear', 'think' or 'wish' and introduces the speaker's own viewpoint before a statement: 'as I see it…', 'as I hear…'.
- -(으)매-(으)매 is a bookish, literary way to say 'because' or 'as', linking a cause to its natural result in formal writing.
- -(으)나 -(으)나Two paired or opposite verbs/adjectives, each with -(으)나, mean 'whichever of these is the case, the following stays the same', which often amounts to 'regardless' or 'all the time'.
- -(으)락 -(으)락Joins two opposite actions or states to show that they keep switching back and forth.
- -(으)랴 -(으)랴Lists two (or more) tasks a person is juggling at the same time to stress that they are extremely busy or worn out.
