TOPIK II · LEVEL 6
-(으)ㄹ지라도
-(으)ㄹ지라도 means "even if / even though A": it concedes A, real or imagined, and insists that B still holds.
대조·양보Contrast & concessionHan: -(으)ㄹ지라도 attaches to verb or adjective stems, so a noun needs the copula 이다 first: 학생 + 이다 → 학생일지라도.
Examples
비록 작은 실수일지라도 그냥 넘어가서는 안 됩니다.Even if it is a small mistake, it should not just be overlooked.
그는 가난했을지라도 늘 어려운 이웃을 도우며 살았다.Although he was poor, he always lived helping neighbors in need.
결과가 좋지 않을지라도 최선을 다했다면 후회는 없을 거예요.Even if the result is not good, you will have no regrets if you did your best.
아무리 힘들지라도 끝까지 포기하지 않겠습니다.No matter how hard it gets, I will not give up until the end.
Don’t mix up
-(으)ㄹ지라도vs-더라도Almost the same meaning, but -더라도 is the common everyday choice, while -(으)ㄹ지라도 is more formal and emphatic: 비가 오더라도 갈게요 (chat) vs 비가 올지라도 행사는 진행됩니다 (announcement).-(으)ㄹ지라도vs-아/어도-아/어도 is the neutral, light "even if" for any situation; -(으)ㄹ지라도 adds weight and a bookish tone: 비싸도 살 거예요 sounds natural, 비쌀지라도 살 거예요 sounds overly solemn in a shop.-(으)ㄹ지라도vs-(으)ㄹ지언정-(으)ㄹ지언정 means "I would rather accept A than do B" and expresses strong refusal; -(으)ㄹ지라도 just concedes A: 굶을지언정 남의 것은 훔치지 않겠다.How to build it
V/A+(으)ㄹ지라도
V/A+았/었을지라도 (past)
N+일지라도
힘들다 → 힘들지라도, 먹다 → 먹을지라도, 가난했다 → 가난했을지라도, 학생 → 학생일지라도
- Clause B must go against what A would lead you to expect; it is often a resolution, duty or advice (-겠다, -아야 하다, -지 마세요). If B is simply the natural result of A, use -(으)니까 or -아/어서 instead.
- It works for both hypothetical and real situations; for a situation that is already past, use -았/었을지라도.
- It sounds formal and emphatic (writing, speeches, news) and is often paired with 비록, 아무리 or 설령. In casual conversation -더라도 or -아/어도 usually sound more natural.
- After a noun you need the copula: N + 일지라도 (학생일지라도), not 학생지라도.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 비록 학생지라도 자기 행동에는 책임을 져야 합니다.
Right: 비록 학생일지라도 자기 행동에는 책임을 져야 합니다.
-(으)ㄹ지라도 attaches to verb or adjective stems, so a noun needs the copula 이다 first: 학생 + 이다 → 학생일지라도.
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)려도Short for -(으)려고 하여도: 'even if/though one tries (intends) to V'. The second clause usually says the attempt fails or that something else is needed first.
- -(으)련만-(으)련만 says 'it would be so (if only…), but it isn't': a hoped-for or expected result set against a disappointing reality, often with regret.
- -다손 치더라도Even if we accept that something is (or was) true, the conclusion that follows still does not change.
- -기로서니-기로서니 grants that something is true but argues it still does not justify someone's excessive reaction or behaviour, usually as a reproach.
- -(으)매-(으)매 is a bookish, literary way to say 'because' or 'as', linking a cause to its natural result in formal writing.
- -(으)나 -(으)나Two paired or opposite verbs/adjectives, each with -(으)나, mean 'whichever of these is the case, the following stays the same', which often amounts to 'regardless' or 'all the time'.
- -(으)락 -(으)락Joins two opposite actions or states to show that they keep switching back and forth.
- -(으)랴 -(으)랴Lists two (or more) tasks a person is juggling at the same time to stress that they are extremely busy or worn out.
- -(이)건 -(이)건N(이)건 N(이)건 lists two or more options and says that whichever one it is, the outcome stays the same.
