TOPIK II · LEVEL 6
-(으)ㄹ 양으로
-(으)ㄹ 양으로 explains the purpose or resolve behind an action: 'intending to do ~, with the aim of ~'.
목적·의도Purpose, plans & wishesHan: The intention points to a future action, so the verb takes only -(으)ㄹ; the past tense belongs in the main clause (쌌다).
Examples
밤을 새울 양으로 커피를 한 잔 더 마셨다.I drank another cup of coffee, intending to stay up all night.
그는 끝까지 버틸 양으로 도시락을 두 개나 싸 왔다.Intending to hold out to the end, he packed as many as two lunchboxes.
아이는 엄마를 놀래 줄 양으로 문 뒤에 숨어 있었다.The child was hiding behind the door, meaning to surprise his mom.
그녀는 다시는 그를 만나지 않을 양으로 전화번호까지 지워 버렸다.Determined never to see him again, she even deleted his phone number.
Don’t mix up
-(으)ㄹ 양으로vs-(으)려고-(으)려고 is the neutral everyday way to state a purpose; -(으)ㄹ 양으로 is literary and stresses resolve: 살을 빼려고 운동해요 (normal speech).-(으)ㄹ 양으로vs-(으)ㄴ/는 양After -(으)ㄴ/는 (without 으로), 양 means 'as if, pretending', not intention: 아무것도 모르는 양 시치미를 뗐다.How to build it
V+(으)ㄹ 양으로
떠나다 → 떠날 양으로, 먹다 → 먹을 양으로
- Attach it to verbs only, and do not put a past marker before it: say 떠날 양으로, not 떠났을 양으로. Tense is shown in the main clause.
- The person who intends and the person who acts in the main clause are usually the same.
- It sounds written or narrative; it is used mainly in statements describing someone's motive and is unnatural in commands or suggestions.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 내일 일찍 떠났을 양으로 짐을 미리 쌌다.
Right: 내일 일찍 떠날 양으로 짐을 미리 쌌다.
The intention points to a future action, so the verb takes only -(으)ㄹ; the past tense belongs in the main clause (쌌다).
Practise -(으)ㄹ 양으로 on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)매-(으)매 is a bookish, literary way to say 'because' or 'as', linking a cause to its natural result in formal writing.
- -(으)나 -(으)나Two paired or opposite verbs/adjectives, each with -(으)나, mean 'whichever of these is the case, the following stays the same', which often amounts to 'regardless' or 'all the time'.
- -(으)락 -(으)락Joins two opposite actions or states to show that they keep switching back and forth.
- -(으)랴 -(으)랴Lists two (or more) tasks a person is juggling at the same time to stress that they are extremely busy or worn out.
- -(이)건 -(이)건N(이)건 N(이)건 lists two or more options and says that whichever one it is, the outcome stays the same.
- -(이)라 (예스러운 서술)An archaic plain (해라체) statement ending attached to 이다 and 아니다: 'X is Y.' It sounds solemn and old, as in classical texts, proverbs, historical-drama narration and poetry; modern Korean uses -(이)다.
- -(으)ㄹ 듯 말 듯-(으)ㄹ 듯 말 듯 describes something hovering on the edge of happening, so it seems to happen and not happen at the same time.
- -(으)ㄹ 리 만무하다A formal, emphatic way to say "there is absolutely no way that ~", based on the speaker's firm reasoning.
- -(으)ㄹ 대로 -아/어서A state has gone as far as it can go, to its very limit, and this extreme state causes what follows.
