TOPIK II · LEVEL 3
-(으)ㄴ 채(로)
-(으)ㄴ 채(로) means doing something while a previous state is still kept: 'with … still on / still …ing'.
시간·순서Time & sequenceHan: 채로 needs the past modifier -(으)ㄴ: the action is finished and its result remains.
Examples
창문을 연 채로 외출했어요.I went out leaving the window open.
신발을 신은 채로 들어오면 안 돼요.You can't come in with your shoes on.
어젯밤에 불을 켠 채로 잠이 들었어요.Last night I fell asleep with the light on.
Don’t mix up
-(으)ㄴ 채(로)vs-고-고 just sequences actions; -(으)ㄴ 채로 stresses that the first state was kept during the second: 모자를 쓰고 갔어요 vs 모자를 쓴 채로 인사했어요 (rude).How to build it
V+(으)ㄴ 채(로)
입다 → 입은 채로, 켜다 → 켠 채로
- Often for states that are unusual or a bit wrong in the situation: sleeping with the lights on, entering with shoes on.
- Only with verbs (completed action whose result remains).
Classic mistake
Wrong: 불을 켜는 채로 잤어요.
Right: 불을 켠 채로 잤어요.
채로 needs the past modifier -(으)ㄴ: the action is finished and its result remains.
Practise -(으)ㄴ 채(로) on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)며-(으)며 is a formal, written 'and' (listing) or 'while' (two actions at once).
- -(으)ㄴ 다음에'After doing A, B': the second event follows the first. It means the same as -(으)ㄴ 후에 / -(으)ㄴ 뒤에 but sounds more conversational.
- -(으)ㄴ/는 김에Use it when you take the chance of doing one thing to also do another thing: 'while I'm at it, I'll also…'.
- -(으)ㄴ/는 대로Shows that an action is done exactly the way something was said, done, seen or planned.
- -고 나다Marks that an action has been fully completed before what follows; used in -고 나면 'once A is done', -고 나니(까) 'after A, (I found)…' and -고 난 후/뒤/다음에.
- -고 나서-고 나서 means "after (fully) finishing A, then B" and stresses that the first action is completed before the next begins.
- -는 길에-는 길에 means 'on the way to / while going somewhere': doing B along the way.
- -는 동안-는 동안 marks the whole stretch of time an action lasts, during which something else happens or continues.
- -는 사이에-는 사이에 means 'while (A is going on), B happened' — often B happens without the subject noticing.