TOPIK II · LEVEL 3
-기 때문에
-기 때문에 states a reason clearly and firmly, like 'because', and is mainly used in explanations, not in requests or suggestions.
이유·원인Reason & causeHan: -기 때문에 cannot be followed by a command like -(으)세요; with requests and suggestions, use -(으)니까.
Examples
이 식당은 음식이 맛있고 싸기 때문에 점심시간에 사람이 많아요.This restaurant's food is tasty and cheap, so it is crowded at lunchtime.
내일 시험이 있기 때문에 오늘은 일찍 자야 해요.I have an exam tomorrow, so I need to go to bed early today.
어제 늦게까지 일했기 때문에 아침에 많이 피곤했어요.Because I worked late yesterday, I was very tired this morning.
저는 학생이기 때문에 박물관 입장료를 할인받을 수 있어요.Because I'm a student, I can get a discount on the museum ticket.
Don’t mix up
-기 때문에vs-아/어서-아/어서 cannot take 았/었 and is the natural choice for thanks and apologies; -기 때문에 can take 았/었 and stresses the reason more: 도와주셔서 감사합니다 / 비가 많이 왔기 때문에 경기가 취소됐어요.
-기 때문에vs-(으)니까-(으)니까 can be followed by commands and suggestions, -기 때문에 cannot: 추우니까 창문을 닫으세요.-기 때문에vsN 때문에N 때문에 means the noun itself is the cause ('because of N'); N이기 때문에 means 'because it is N': 비 때문에 못 갔어요 / 주말이기 때문에 사람이 많아요.
How to build it
V/A+기 때문에
N+이기 때문에
past: V/A+았/었기 때문에
바쁘다 → 바쁘기 때문에, 먹다 → 먹었기 때문에, 학생 → 학생이기 때문에
- The main clause cannot be a command or suggestion (-(으)세요, -(으)ㅂ시다, -자). For those, use -(으)니까.
- Past tense goes before 기: 왔기 때문에, 먹었기 때문에. This is different from -아/어서, which cannot take 았/었.
- With nouns, N이기 때문에 means 'because it is N', while N 때문에 means 'because of N'. Don't drop 이 when you mean 'is'.
- It sounds unnatural with thanks, apologies and greetings: say 늦어서 죄송합니다, not 늦었기 때문에 죄송합니다.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 비가 오기 때문에 우산을 가져가세요.
Right: 비가 오니까 우산을 가져가세요.
-기 때문에 cannot be followed by a command like -(으)세요; with requests and suggestions, use -(으)니까.
Practise -기 때문에 on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)ㄴ 결과Presents what came out of a completed action or process: 'as a result of doing A, B'. Formal; common in reports, news and essays.
- -(으)ㄹ 테니까-(으)ㄹ 테니까 gives the speaker's intention ('I will…') or strong guess ('it will probably…') as the reason for a request or suggestion to the listener.
- -(으)ㄴ/는 탓에-(으)ㄴ/는 탓에 gives the cause of a bad result and puts the blame on that cause.
- -(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에Use -(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에 to say that something good happened thanks to a person, action or situation.
- -(느)ㄴ다고 (이유·의도)Gives the reason or intention behind an action as the subject stated or thought it: 'saying that…, because (as he put it)…, intending to…'. It often carries a light note of excuse or irony.
- -다 보니(까)-다 보니(까) means 'as I kept doing A, I came to realize / it turned out B'.
- -는 바람에Names a sudden, unexpected event as the reason something bad or unwanted happened.
- -아/어 가지고-아/어 가지고 is a casual spoken 'and so / having done A': a reason, or A done first and kept for B.
- -아/어서 그런지-아/어서 그런지 gives a possible reason the speaker isn't sure of: 'maybe because …'.
