TOPIK II · LEVEL 4
-고 해서
-고 해서 gives one reason among several: 'partly because …, (and so)'.
이유·원인Reason & causeHan: -고 해서 explains a decision already made; for a suggestion -(으)ㄴ/는데 sounds natural.
Examples
날씨도 좋고 해서 공원에 산책 갔어요.The weather was nice (among other reasons), so I went for a walk in the park.
피곤하고 해서 오늘은 일찍 잘게요.I'm a bit tired and all, so I'll go to bed early today.
주말이고 해서 친구들을 초대했어요.It was the weekend and so on, so I invited friends over.
Don’t mix up
-고 해서vs-아/어서-아/어서 states the reason; -고 해서 softens it as just one of the reasons.
How to build it
V/A+고 해서
N+(이)고 해서
피곤하다 → 피곤하고 해서, 주말 → 주말이고 해서
- Implies there are other reasons too; often 도: 날씨도 좋고 해서.
- Mostly spoken.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 날씨가 좋고 해서 산책할까요?
Right: 날씨도 좋은데 산책할까요?
-고 해서 explains a decision already made; for a suggestion -(으)ㄴ/는데 sounds natural.
Practise -고 해서 on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)로 인해(서)-(으)로 인해(서) means 'due to / because of' (a cause), in formal speech and writing.
- -(으)ㄴ/는 만큼-(으)ㄴ/는 만큼 links two things in equal measure ("as much as") or gives a known fact as grounds for what should follow ("since / given that").
- -(으)므로-(으)므로 gives a reason in formal or written Korean: "because / since …, therefore …".
- -아/어서인지Gives a reason the speaker is not sure of: 'maybe because…, perhaps since…'. It is a compact, slightly more written equivalent of -아/어서 그런지.
- -기에 (망정이지)A-기에 망정이지 B means 'luckily A happened; otherwise the bad outcome B would have happened.'
- -(으)나-(으)나 is a formal written 'but / however', linking two contrasting clauses.
- -(으)되-(으)되 states or allows a first action and then adds a condition or limit to it, in a formal or written style.
- -(이)면 (조사)Attaches to a noun to mean 'if it is N / whenever it is N'; repeated as N(이)면 N, it means 'in every field, whatever you name'.
- -(으)ㄹ 게 아니라Use it to say that doing X is not the right move, so you should do Y instead: "rather than doing X, do Y."
