TOPIK II · LEVEL 4
-듯이
Links two clauses by likeness: 'just as A, so B'. It also forms fixed similes such as 물 쓰듯이 ('like water') and 밥 먹듯이 ('as often as eating').
정도·비교Degree & comparisonHan: The ending -듯이 joins the bare stem (다르-); 다른 듯이 would mean 'as if they were different'.
Examples
그는 월급을 받으면 물 쓰듯이 돈을 써 버린다.As soon as he gets paid, he spends money like water.
앞에서 설명했듯이 이 제도는 내년부터 시행됩니다.As explained earlier, this system will take effect next year.
사람마다 얼굴이 다르듯이 생각하는 방식도 다 달라요.Just as everyone's face is different, so is the way they think.
Don’t mix up
-듯이vs-(으)ㄴ/는 듯이-(으)ㄴ/는 듯이 describes a manner that only looks a certain way; -듯이 compares with a real fact: 다 아는 듯이 웃었다 (smiled as if he knew) vs 누구나 알듯이 (as everyone knows).-듯이vs-다시피-다시피 is limited mostly to perception verbs (보다, 알다, 듣다) and addresses the listener; -듯이 works with any verb: 보시다시피 vs 사람마다 얼굴이 다르듯이.How to build it
V/A stem+듯이 (past: -았/었듯이)
short form -듯
다르다 → 다르듯이; 쓰다 → 쓰듯이; 오다 → 오듯이; 말하다 → 말했듯이
- It attaches straight to the stem, with no 는/(으)ㄴ: 다르듯이, 오듯이. With a modifier and a space (다른 듯이) it becomes the different pattern -(으)ㄴ/는 듯이, 'as if'.
- The first clause states a real, familiar fact or image that the second clause is likened to; -듯이 does not mean 'as if (but not really)'.
- -았/었듯이 refers back to something already said or known: 앞에서 말했듯이, 예상했듯이, 여러분도 아시듯이.
- Common fixed similes: 물 쓰듯이 (spend lavishly), 밥 먹듯이 (do habitually, e.g. lie), 비 오듯이 (sweat or tears pouring), 손바닥 뒤집듯이 (change one's mind easily).
Classic mistake
Wrong: 사람마다 얼굴이 다른듯이 생각도 달라요.
Right: 사람마다 얼굴이 다르듯이 생각도 달라요.
The ending -듯이 joins the bare stem (다르-); 다른 듯이 would mean 'as if they were different'.
Practise -듯이 on real TOPIK questions
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Start 7-day free trialMore level 4 grammar
All TOPIK grammar- -(으)ㄹ 뿐이다-(으)ㄹ 뿐이다 says that something is just this and nothing more, and is often used to downplay a fact or to sound modest.
- -(으)ㄹ 따름이다Says that something is simply this and nothing more; it is a formal, often humble way to say 'I merely…' or 'I can only feel…'.
- -(으)ㄹ 지경이다Says that a situation has become so bad that it has almost reached an extreme state, often as an exaggeration, like 'I'm about to die / go crazy'.
- -에 비해(서)/-에 비하면Compares something with N as the standard: 'compared to N, relative to N'. 에 비하면 adds an evaluation, often 'X is nothing compared to N'.
- -게 생겼다-게 생겼다 says you are about to end up in a bad (sometimes good) situation: 'I'm going to end up …'.
- -(으)나-(으)나 is a formal written 'but / however', linking two contrasting clauses.
- -(으)되-(으)되 states or allows a first action and then adds a condition or limit to it, in a formal or written style.
- -(이)면 (조사)Attaches to a noun to mean 'if it is N / whenever it is N'; repeated as N(이)면 N, it means 'in every field, whatever you name'.
- -(으)ㄹ 게 아니라Use it to say that doing X is not the right move, so you should do Y instead: "rather than doing X, do Y."
