-(으)ㄴ/는 까닭에

-(으)ㄴ/는 까닭에 is a formal, written way to say "for the reason that ~": it presents the first clause as the cause of the second.

이유·원인Reason & cause

Han: 까닭에 cannot be followed by a command or request; with an imperative ending the reason must be expressed with -(으)니까.

Examples

그 작가는 정부를 비판하는 글을 쓴 까닭에 오랫동안 해외에 머물러야 했다.Because he wrote pieces criticizing the government, the writer had to stay abroad for a long time.

이 지역은 일교차가 큰 까닭에 과일의 당도가 높다.Because the difference between day and night temperatures is large in this region, the fruit here is very sweet.

그는 어려서 부모를 여읜 까닭에 일찍부터 생계를 책임져야 했다.Having lost his parents as a child, he had to earn his own living from an early age.

경기가 침체된 까닭에 많은 기업들이 신규 채용을 줄였다.Because the economy was in a slump, many companies cut back on new hiring.

V+는 까닭에 (present/habitual)

V+(으)ㄴ 까닭에 (completed)

V+았/었던 까닭에 (past)

있다·없다+는 까닭에

A+(으)ㄴ 까닭에 (present state)

A+았/었던 까닭에 (past state)

N+인 까닭에

일하다 → 일하는 까닭에, 떠나다 → 떠난 까닭에, 없다 → 없는 까닭에, 많다 → 많은 까닭에 (adjective, present state), 크다 → 큰 까닭에, 학생 → 학생인 까닭에

It belongs to written and formal language (news, essays, reports). In everyday conversation it sounds stiff; use -아서/어서 or -기 때문에 instead.
The second clause cannot be a command or suggestion (-(으)세요, -(으)ㅂ시다, -자). For those, use -(으)니까.
Tense is shown by the modifier: verbs take -는 for present or habitual causes and -(으)ㄴ for completed ones, while 있다/없다 take -는. Adjectives take -(으)ㄴ for a present state (큰 까닭에), and -았/었던 for a past state or past cause (-았/었던 까닭에). Do not attach -았/었- before -는 (했는 까닭에 is wrong).

Wrong: ~~날씨가 추운 까닭에 옷을 따뜻하게 입으세요.~~

Right: 날씨가 추우니까 옷을 따뜻하게 입으세요.

까닭에 cannot be followed by a command or request; with an imperative ending the reason must be expressed with -(으)니까.

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