TOPIK II · LEVEL 4
-(으)ㄴ/는 한
Sets a condition that must keep holding for the result to stay true: 'as long as…', and with -지 않는 한, 'unless…'.
조건·가정Conditions & what-ifsHan: 한 takes the present form 는 regardless of time; 했는 is not a valid Korean form.
Examples
이 회사에 다니는 한 야근은 피할 수 없을 것 같아요.As long as I work at this company, I don't think I can avoid overtime.
제가 아는 한 그 사람은 거짓말을 할 사람이 아니에요.As far as I know, he is not the kind of person who would lie.
네가 포기하지 않는 한 기회는 또 올 거야.As long as you don't give up, another chance will come.
특별한 일이 없는 한 매일 아침 운동을 해요.Unless something special comes up, I exercise every morning.
Don’t mix up
-(으)ㄴ/는 한vs-(으)면-(으)면 is a neutral 'if'; -는 한 stresses that the result holds only while the condition keeps being true: 비가 오면 안 가요 vs 비가 오지 않는 한 경기는 계속됩니다.-(으)ㄴ/는 한vs-는 한이 있더라도Despite the similar look, -는 한이 있더라도 means 'even if it means (something bad)', not a condition: 밤을 새우는 한이 있더라도 오늘 끝낼 거예요.-(으)ㄴ/는 한vs-(으)ㄴ/는 이상-는 이상 starts from an already established fact ('now that / since'), while -는 한 sets a condition that must continue: 약속한 이상 지켜야 해요.How to build it
V / 있다·없다+는 한
V+지 않는 한 (unless)
노력하다 → 노력하는 한, 포기하다 → 포기하지 않는 한
- Use the present form 는 even when the situation is in the past or future; forms like 했는 한 are wrong. With adjectives it appears mainly in fixed phrases such as 가능한 한 ('as much as possible').
- It is very often negative: V + 지 않는 한 / N이 없는 한 = 'unless'. The main clause then usually states a result that will not change or cannot happen (할 수 없다, -(으)ㄹ 거예요).
- It sounds formal or written; in casual conversation Koreans usually say -(으)면 / -지 않으면 instead. Fixed phrase: 제가 아는 한 'as far as I know'.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 꾸준히 노력했는 한 언젠가는 합격할 거예요.
Right: 꾸준히 노력하는 한 언젠가는 합격할 거예요.
한 takes the present form 는 regardless of time; 했는 is not a valid Korean form.
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All TOPIK grammar- -(이)면 (조사)Attaches to a noun to mean 'if it is N / whenever it is N'; repeated as N(이)면 N, it means 'in every field, whatever you name'.
- -(으)ㄹ 바에는Use -(으)ㄹ 바에는 to say that if the only way is to do this unpleasant thing, you would rather do something else instead.
- -(으)ㄴ/는 셈치다Used when you deliberately choose to treat something as if it were true, even though it isn't, usually to accept a loss or to take a chance.
- -만 같아도Means 'if things were even like N': it holds up a past time or a standard and says how different the result would be (or was) then, often with regret or surprise at change.
- -다가는-다가는 warns that if you keep doing something (or do it at all), something bad will happen.
- -(으)나-(으)나 is a formal written 'but / however', linking two contrasting clauses.
- -(으)되-(으)되 states or allows a first action and then adds a condition or limit to it, in a formal or written style.
- -(으)ㄹ 게 아니라Use it to say that doing X is not the right move, so you should do Y instead: "rather than doing X, do Y."
- -(으)ㄹ 무렵-(으)ㄹ 무렵 means 'around the time when …'.
