TOPIK II · LEVEL 3

-느라고

-느라고 means 'because I was busy doing A', and the second clause is usually a negative result: couldn't do something, was tired, was late.

이유·원인Reason & cause

Han: Rain isn't something you were busy doing; for outside causes use -아/어서.

Examples

이사 준비를 하느라고 정말 바빴어요.I was really busy getting ready to move.
게임을 하느라고 약속 시간을 잊어버렸어요.I was playing a game and forgot the time of our appointment.
숙제하느라고 어젯밤에 못 잤어요.I couldn't sleep last night because I was doing homework.

Don’t mix up

-느라고vs-아/어서-아/어서 gives any reason, including weather or traffic (길이 막혀서 늦었어요); -느라고 is only 'because I was busy doing something': 화장하느라고 늦었어요.
-느라고vs-기 때문에-기 때문에 is a neutral, often written reason; -느라고 carries the feeling of an activity crowding out something else.

How to build it

V+느라고

준비하다 → 준비하느라고, 놀다 → 노느라고

  1. Only verbs (an activity that takes time), never adjectives.
  2. Both clauses have the same subject, and no past tense goes before 느라고 (not 했느라고).
  3. The second clause can't be a command or suggestion.

Classic mistake

Wrong: 비가 오느라고 늦었어요.

Right: 비가 와서 늦었어요.

Rain isn't something you were busy doing; for outside causes use -아/어서.

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More level 3 grammar

All TOPIK grammar