TOPIK II · LEVEL 3
-느라고
-느라고 means 'because I was busy doing A', and the second clause is usually a negative result: couldn't do something, was tired, was late.
이유·원인Reason & causeHan: Rain isn't something you were busy doing; for outside causes use -아/어서.
Examples
이사 준비를 하느라고 정말 바빴어요.I was really busy getting ready to move.
게임을 하느라고 약속 시간을 잊어버렸어요.I was playing a game and forgot the time of our appointment.
숙제하느라고 어젯밤에 못 잤어요.I couldn't sleep last night because I was doing homework.
Don’t mix up
-느라고vs-아/어서-아/어서 gives any reason, including weather or traffic (길이 막혀서 늦었어요); -느라고 is only 'because I was busy doing something': 화장하느라고 늦었어요.
-느라고vs-기 때문에-기 때문에 is a neutral, often written reason; -느라고 carries the feeling of an activity crowding out something else.How to build it
V+느라고
준비하다 → 준비하느라고, 놀다 → 노느라고
- Only verbs (an activity that takes time), never adjectives.
- Both clauses have the same subject, and no past tense goes before 느라고 (not 했느라고).
- The second clause can't be a command or suggestion.
Classic mistake
Wrong: 비가 오느라고 늦었어요.
Right: 비가 와서 늦었어요.
Rain isn't something you were busy doing; for outside causes use -아/어서.
Practise -느라고 on real TOPIK questions
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All TOPIK grammar- -(으)ㄴ 결과Presents what came out of a completed action or process: 'as a result of doing A, B'. Formal; common in reports, news and essays.
- -(으)ㄹ 테니까-(으)ㄹ 테니까 gives the speaker's intention ('I will…') or strong guess ('it will probably…') as the reason for a request or suggestion to the listener.
- -(으)ㄴ/는 탓에-(으)ㄴ/는 탓에 gives the cause of a bad result and puts the blame on that cause.
- -(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에Use -(으)ㄴ/는 덕분에 to say that something good happened thanks to a person, action or situation.
- -(느)ㄴ다고 (이유·의도)Gives the reason or intention behind an action as the subject stated or thought it: 'saying that…, because (as he put it)…, intending to…'. It often carries a light note of excuse or irony.
- -다 보니(까)-다 보니(까) means 'as I kept doing A, I came to realize / it turned out B'.
- -기 때문에-기 때문에 states a reason clearly and firmly, like 'because', and is mainly used in explanations, not in requests or suggestions.
- -는 바람에Names a sudden, unexpected event as the reason something bad or unwanted happened.
- -아/어 가지고-아/어 가지고 is a casual spoken 'and so / having done A': a reason, or A done first and kept for B.
